Journal Guide

Communications Biology is an open access journal from Nature Research publishing high-quality research, reviews and commentary in all areas of the biological sciences. Research papers published by the journal represent significant advances bringing new biological insight to a specialized area of research.

Communications Biology complements the other Nature Research journals by providing a new open access option for biologists while applying less stringent criteria for impact and significance than the Nature-branded journals, including Nature Communications. All Nature Research journals, including Communications Biology, apply the same criteria for technical validity and adherence to ethical standards.

Communications Earth & Environment is an open access journal from Nature Portfolio publishing high-quality research, reviews and commentary in all areas of the Earth, environmental and planetary sciences. Research papers published by the journal represent significant advances that bring new insight to a specialized area in Earth science, planetary science or environmental science. Communications Earth & Environment complements the other Nature Portfolio journals by providing a high-quality open access option for the Earth, environmental and planetary sciences while applying somewhat less stringent criteria for impact and significance than the Nature-branded journals, including Nature Communications.

Communications Engineering is a selective open access journal from Nature Portfolio publishing high-quality research, reviews and commentary in all areas of engineering. Research papers published by the journal represent significant advances for a specialized area of research and development. We also aim to provide a community forum for issues of importance to all engineers, regardless of sub-discipline.

Lab Animal is a peer-reviewed journal for professionals in animal research, emphasizing proper management and care.Editorial features include: * Facility design * Transgenics * New animal models * Lab animal care and nutrition * Pain management * Environmental enrichment * Genetics * Toxicology * Health monitoring and diagnostics * New lab equipment * Regulations/guidelines * Education, training, and career paths (including job listings) * Personnel and facility management * Preparing for and avoiding emergenciesLab Animal publishes timely and informative editorial content reaching both the academic world and applied research industries involved in genetic engineering, human and animal therapeutics, and pharmaceutical drug discovery. * AGRICOLA * Index Medicus/MEDLINE * ISI's Focus on: Veterinary ScienceThe correct abbreviation for abstracting and indexing purposes is Lab Anim. (NY).ISSN and EISSNThe international standard serial number (ISSN) for Lab Animal is 0093-7355, and the electronic international standard serial number (EISSN) is 1548-4475.

Nature is a weekly international journal publishing the finest peer-reviewed research in all fields of science and technology on the basis of its originality, importance, interdisciplinary interest, timeliness, accessibility, elegance and surprising conclusions. Nature also provides rapid, authoritative, insightful and arresting news and interpretation of topical and coming trends affecting science, scientists and the wider public.

Nature Astronomy is a new online-only journal, publishing monthly from January 2017. Nature Astronomy is a truly multidisciplinary journal for the field, representing and fostering closer interaction between all of the key astronomy relevant disciplines, by publishing the most significant research, review and comment at the cutting edge of astronomy, astrophysics and planetary science.

Launched in January 2017, Nature Biomedical Engineering publishes original research, reviews and commentary of high significance to the biomedical engineering community, including bench scientists interested in devising materials, methods, technologies or therapies to understand or combat disease; engineers designing or optimizing medical devices and procedures; and clinicians leveraging research outputs in biomedical engineering to assess patient health or deliver therapy across a variety of clinical settings and healthcare contexts.

Like all Nature-branded journals, Nature Biomedical Engineering is run by a dedicated team of professional editors, and provides fair and rigorous peer review, high standards of copy-editing and production, swift publication and editorial independence.

Nature Cell Biology publishes papers of the highest quality from all areas of cell biology, encouraging those that shed light on the molecular mechanisms responsible for fundamental cell biological processes. The journal's scope is broad and includes the following areas (not listed in order of preference):Specific areas of interest include, but are not limited to:* Cellular and molecular mechanisms of development* Stem cell biology* Membrane traffic, protein sorting and organelles* Cell adhesion and migration* Cytoskeletal dynamics* Autophagy* Cell cycle and cell growth* DNA replication and repair* Apoptosis and cell death* Signal transduction* Protein degradation* Organization of the nucleus and nuclear transport* Cellular and molecular mechanisms of human disease, including cancer (provided that the primary focus is on general processes of cell biology).

Nature Chemical Biology is an international monthly journal that provides a high-visibility forum for the publication of top-tier original research and commentary for the chemical biology community. Chemical biology is an emerging field that combines the scientific ideas and approaches of chemistry, biology and allied disciplines to understand and manipulate biological systems with molecular precision. The journal publishes papers from the expanding community of chemical biologists, including contributions from chemists who are applying the principles and tools of chemistry to biological questions and from biologists who are interested in understanding and controlling biological processes at the molecular level.We give priority to studies that report significant conceptual or practical advances in any area where chemistry and biology intersect. The journal is primarily interested in basic research, especially those studies that report new chemical or biological tools or present significant new molecular-level insights into the mechanisms underpinning biological processes. Additionally, because chemical biology approaches have broad utility for manipulating or engineering biological systems, the journal also considers manuscripts describing applied molecular studies at the chemistry-biology interface. Independent of the scientific area, we seek manuscripts that blend chemistry and biology in new ways, particularly those that provide major conceptual or methodological advances that are likely to open up innovative avenues of research in the field. The journal strives for a fair but comprehensive review process that emphasizes rigorous chemical and biological characterization.In addition to publishing original research, Nature Chemical Biology is a forum for the exchange of ideas between scientists in the chemical and life sciences and a community resource for this emerging field. To this end, we publish content including scholarly reviews and perspectives, highlights of research published in our pages and in other journals, correspondence and commentaries that present topics of scientific and community interest.

Nature Chemistry is a monthly journal dedicated to publishing high-quality papers that describe the most significant and cutting-edge research in all areas of chemistry. As well as reflecting the traditional core subjects of analytical, inorganic, organic and physical chemistry, the journal also features a broad range of chemical research including, but not limited to, catalysis, computational and theoretical chemistry, environmental chemistry, green chemistry, medicinal chemistry, nuclear chemistry, polymer chemistry, supramolecular chemistry and surface chemistry. Other cross-disciplinary topics such as bioinorganic, bioorganic, organometallic and physical–organic chemistry will also be featured. The submission of manuscripts detailing multidisciplinary research performed at the interface of chemistry and other scientific fields of inquiry such as biology, materials science, nanotechnology and physics is also encouraged, where the central theme of the work — and the major advances that are reported — fall within the bounds of chemistry.In addition to primary research, Nature Chemistry also publishes review articles, news and views, research highlights about important work reported in other journals, commentaries, book reviews, correspondence, and analysis of the broader chemical picture beyond the laboratory — including issues such as education, funding, policy, intellectual property, and the impact chemistry has on society. In this way, the journal aims to be the voice of the worldwide chemical community.Nature Chemistry is committed to publishing top-tier original research in all areas of chemistry through a fair and rigorous review process. It offers authors high visibility for their papers, access to a broad readership, high standards of copy editing and production, rapid publication and independence from academic societies and others with vested interests.

In 1995, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change held the first Conference of the Parties to host international climate negotiations. Over the years the number of delegates and countries participating have both increased, with an attendance of 13,482 people in 2009. This study investigates how the representation of developing nations has been affected.